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content/vps/nginx-php-mysql.md

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+---
+title: "Install Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL on Debian/Ubuntu"
+description: "Set up a LEMP stack on your Arcline VPS for hosting PHP applications and WordPress."
+section: vps
+order: 2
+---
+
+# Install Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL
+
+This guide walks through setting up a LEMP stack (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) on your Arcline VPS. This is the foundation for hosting WordPress, Laravel, and most PHP applications.
+
+---
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- A VPS provisioned through Arcline
+- SSH access with sudo privileges (see [Initial VPS Setup](/vps/initial-setup/))
+- A domain pointed to your VPS IP (see [Point Your Nameservers](/getting-started/nameservers/))
+
+---
+
+## Step 1 — Install Nginx
+
+Nginx is the web server. It's lightweight, fast, and handles concurrent connections much better than Apache.
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update
+sudo apt install nginx -y
+```
+
+Verify it's running:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl status nginx
+```
+
+Visit your VPS IP in a browser — you should see the default Nginx welcome page.
+
+---
+
+## Step 2 — Install MySQL (MariaDB)
+
+MariaDB is a drop-in replacement for MySQL that's faster and more open:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
+```
+
+Run the security script:
+
+```bash
+sudo mysql_secure_installation
+```
+
+Follow the prompts:
+- Set a root password
+- Remove anonymous users: **Y**
+- Disallow root login remotely: **Y**
+- Remove test database: **Y**
+- Reload privilege tables: **Y**
+
+Verify the installation:
+
+```bash
+sudo mysql -u root -p
+```
+
+You should get a MariaDB prompt. Type `exit` to quit.
+
+---
+
+## Step 3 — Install PHP-FPM
+
+PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) runs PHP scripts. Install the version appropriate for your needs:
+
+```bash
+# PHP 8.3 (recommended for most applications)
+sudo apt install php8.3-fpm php8.3-mysql php8.3-curl php8.3-gd php8.3-mbstring php8.3-xml php8.3-xmlrpc php8.3-zip php8.3-intl php8.3-bcmath -y
+```
+
+For WordPress, the required extensions are: `mysql`, `curl`, `gd`, `mbstring`, `xml`, `zip`.
+
+Verify PHP-FPM is running:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl status php8.3-fpm
+```
+
+---
+
+## Step 4 — Configure Nginx for PHP
+
+Create a site configuration file:
+
+```bash
+sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
+```
+
+Replace `example.com` with your actual domain:
+
+```nginx
+server {
+    listen 80;
+    server_name example.com www.example.com;
+    root /var/www/example.com;
+    index index.php index.html;
+
+    location / {
+        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
+    }
+
+    location ~ \.php$ {
+        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
+        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
+    }
+
+    location ~ /\.ht {
+        deny all;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Create the web root and enable the site:
+
+```bash
+sudo mkdir -p /var/www/example.com
+sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/example.com
+sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
+sudo nginx -t
+sudo systemctl reload nginx
+```
+
+---
+
+## Step 5 — Test PHP processing
+
+Create a test file:
+
+```bash
+echo "<?php phpinfo();" > /var/www/example.com/info.php
+```
+
+Visit `http://example.com/info.php` in your browser — you should see the PHP information page.
+
+Remove this file after testing — it exposes sensitive server information:
+
+```bash
+rm /var/www/example.com/info.php
+```
+
+---
+
+## Step 6 — Set up SSL with Let's Encrypt
+
+Install Certbot:
+
+```bash
+sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
+```
+
+Obtain a certificate:
+
+```bash
+sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com
+```
+
+Follow the prompts. Certbot will automatically modify your Nginx config to serve HTTPS and set up auto-renewal. Verify the renewal timer:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl status certbot.timer
+```
+
+---
+
+## Directory structure summary
+
+```
+/var/www/example.com/        # Web root — your site files go here
+├── index.php                # Main entry point
+├── wp-admin/                # (WordPress) admin panel
+├── wp-content/              # (WordPress) themes, plugins, uploads
+└── ...                      # Your application files
+
+/etc/nginx/
+├── sites-available/         # All site configs (enabled via symlink)
+│   └── example.com
+└── sites-enabled/           # Active site configs
+    └── example.com → ../sites-available/example.com
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+**Nginx fails to start:** Check syntax with `sudo nginx -t`. Look at the error log: `sudo journalctl -u nginx`.
+
+**PHP not processing:** Verify the PHP-FPM socket path matches in both your Nginx config and PHP-FPM pool config: `sudo nano /etc/php/8.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf` — look for `listen =`.
+
+**MySQL connection refused:** Make sure MySQL is running: `sudo systemctl status mariadb`. Check the socket: `sudo mysql -u root -p -S /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock`.
+
+---
+
+## What's next
+
+- [Install WordPress](/wordpress/install-vps/) on your VPS
+- [Deploy a Node.js app](/vps/nodejs-pm2/) with PM2
+- [Set up automated backups](/vps/automated-backups/) with restic
+